Figure
|
Source of Figure
|
Figure 13a
|
pixcooler.com
|
Figure 13b
|
user.xmission.com
|
Figure 13c
|
www.saddlespace.org
|
Figure 13d
|
sites.google.com
|
Compound & their
types:
Compounds can be classified into 2 main categories:
i.
Ionic
Compounds
ii.
Covalent
Compounds
a. Simple Molecules
b. Macro Molecules
Ionic Compounds:
Ionic Compounds are compounds formed by ionic bonding between
metals and non-metals involving a transfer of electron(s).
All elements prefer to acquire a noble gas electron
configuration to attain stability. In ionic bonding, the metals lose their
valence electron(s) to have a noble gas electronic configuration. This(ese)
lost electron(s) is(are) gained by the reacting non-metal to form a noble gas
electronic configuration.
The word ionic is derived from ions, when an atom of an element
loses or gains electron(s) it no longer remains an atom, it becomes and ion.
Consider the examples of a reaction between Sodium metal ans Chlorine gas to
form sodium chloride.
Sodium loses an electron:
Charge on the ion:
Protons = +11
Electron = -10
Net charge = +1
Chlorine gains an electron:
Protons = +17
Electron = -18
Net charge = -1
Figure 13a:
Figure 13c: Lattice of Sodium Chloride
Figure 13d: Original Appearance
Cations and Anions:
- All metals and Hydrogen form Positive Ions by losing their valence electrons. These are called Cations, as they are electrically attracted towards the negatively charged Cathode during electrolysis.
- All non-metals and non-metallic radicals form Negative Ions by gaining electrons to fill their valence shell. These are called Anions, as they are electrically attracted towards the positively charged Anode during electrolysis.
