Lecture 4 – Simple Distillation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Figure	Source of Figure
Figure 7a	www.ied.edu.hk
Figure 7b	1aled.fotomaps.ru

Technique 4: Simple Distillation

Simple distillation is used to separate a liquid from its solution. Example: Water form salt water

Figure 7a: 

Figure 7 shows the apparatus used in this process. The Liebig condenser shown is a glass tube enclosed in a glass jacket. Cold water is pumped from the lower end of the condenser in the jacket, this helps in cooling and condensing the boiling liquid vapours, entering the condenser. The condensed vapours are collected in the form of distillate from the other end of the condenser, in a flask.

Sea water is heated and boiled in the round bottom flask. The boiling vapours reach the top of the flask. The enclosed flask causes the vapours to enter the Liebig condenser. The condenser, condenses the vapours to water and it tickles down the condenser and is collected in a separate flask. Salt is left behind in the round bottom flask.

Figure 7b:

 Note:

1. Cold water is continuously pumped in the condenser from the lower end, and it leaves the condenser at the upper end.  The moving water takes away the heat of the vapours and helps them condense quickly.
2. Boiling chips are added to the round bottom flask to ensure smooth boiling and prevent vigorous bubbling.

This technique is used to convert sea water to use-able domestic water in large Distillation plant, in today’s world.


                                                                                ©Tanzeela Zafar Siddiqui